All Hallows by the Tower: History of The Oldest Church in London

Tucked beside the Tower of London stands a quiet yet powerful witness to nearly 1,400 years of history — All Hallows by the Tower. Known also as All Hallows Tower Hill, this remarkable church is the oldest church in London, founded in AD 675, long before the Tower’s first stone was laid.

Visitors often pass by en route to see the Crown Jewels, unaware that beneath this church lies a Roman pavement, an early Saxon arch, and centuries of secrets — from Knights Templar connections to maritime blessings. If you’re exploring historic churches in London or want to uncover Roman ruins in London, this heritage gem deserves a spot on your list.

London’s Oldest Surviving Church on Tower Hill

Despite its location near Tower Hill Underground station, at the heart of London’s history, All Hallows remains one of the most overlooked medieval churches near the Tower of London. It played a vital role during pivotal events: Samuel Pepys watched the Great Fire of London from its tower, and William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania, was baptized here in 1644.

Later, the church endured near-total destruction during the Blitz, only to rise again — a powerful symbol of resilience among the churches bombed in London during WWII. As you step inside, you walk not only through time but across the layers of London’s spiritual, civic, and architectural heritage.

About this Guide on All Hallows by the Tower

In this guide, you’ll learn why All Hallows by the Tower is famous, how to explore its crypt and artefacts, and what to look for when visiting. We’ll walk through its Templar history, Saxon and Roman relics, and offer practical advice on how to visit All Hallows Tower Hill — including entry, opening hours, and things to do near All Hallows by the Tower.

Whether you’re on a London travel guide historical landmarks trail or seeking free churches to visit in London, this is your invitation to uncover one of the city’s most profound hidden secrets.

Why is All Hallows by the Tower Famous?

All Hallows by the Tower is famous for being the oldest church in the City of London, founded over 1,350 years ago. The church has witnessed major historical events, including the execution of Thomas More at nearby Tower Hill, and the devastation of the Great Fire of London. Its longevity and close ties to the city’s royal, maritime, and religious past make it one of the most significant medieval churches in London. Some notable historical connections are:

Samuel Pepys and All Hallows by the Tower

Samuel Pepys, the famed 17th-century diarist, stood atop the tower of All Hallows by the Tower in September 1666 to witness the catastrophic spread of the Great Fire of London. From this vantage point, he observed the flames devouring the city, later documenting the tragedy in vivid detail — an account that remains one of the most important eyewitness records of the disaster.

William Penn and All Hallows by the Tower

In 1644, William Penn was baptized at All Hallows, long before he went on to establish the American colony of Pennsylvania. Penn’s ties to this ancient church serve as a symbolic link between London’s religious roots and the foundations of religious freedom in the New World. Visitors today can find a commemorative plaque inside the church honouring this historical connection.

The Blitz and WWII

During the Second World War, All Hallows suffered extensive damage when it was hit by an incendiary bomb in 1940, leaving the interior gutted. Despite this, the church’s ancient walls, some dating back to the Saxon era, endured the onslaught. Painstakingly restored in the post-war years, the church now stands as a powerful testament to resilience, bearing the scars and spirit of a city that rebuilt itself from the ashes.

All Hallows and the Great Fire of London

During the Great Fire of London in 1666, All Hallows by the Tower narrowly escaped destruction, thanks to decisive action taken by Admiral William Penn, father of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. Recognizing the imminent threat to the church and the nearby Tower of London, which housed vast stores of gunpowder, Admiral Penn ordered his men from the nearby naval yard to demolish surrounding buildings, creating effective firebreaks that halted the fire’s advance. 

Meanwhile, Samuel Pepys, the renowned diarist and naval administrator, observed the fire’s progression from the tower of All Hallows. His detailed accounts provide invaluable insights into the disaster’s impact on the city. Pepys’s observations underscored the urgency of creating firebreaks, a strategy that proved crucial in saving both All Hallows and the Tower of London.

A Monument to the Great Fire

Not far from All Hallows stands The Monument to the Great Fire, marking the fire’s origin in Pudding Lane — a short walk away. But it was from All Hallows’ medieval tower that Londoners first watched their city fall, and from where hope began to rise amid the ashes.

First Impressions: What to Expect When You Step Inside

As you step through the grand west doors of All Hallows by the Tower, you’re met with a profound stillness — a gentle hush that settles over ancient stones. Immediately, your eyes are drawn upward to the ceiling, a post-war reconstruction in keeping with the church’s Saxon and medieval heritage.

The timber roof, though rebuilt after the destruction of WWII, reflects the character of the original Anglo-Saxon structure first erected in AD 675 by the Abbey of Barking. Its simple yet dignified design honours the church’s origins as a place of mission and worship on the eastern fringe of Roman Londinium.

A Rich Tapestry of the Past

Walking down the central nave, the sense of history deepens. Polished stone flags guide your steps past rows of sturdy wooden pews — each bearing centuries of silent prayer. Though many fittings are from the 20th-century restoration, they have been lovingly integrated with salvaged pieces from the medieval and Victorian periods, giving the interior a richly layered, timeless feel.

Along the north and south walls, informational boards and heritage plaques tell stories of plagues, fires, and baptisms — from the tragic executions on nearby Tower Hill to the lives of figures such as William Penn and Samuel Pepys. These displays offer valuable context for visitors eager to understand the church’s unparalleled historical reach.

Visiting All Hallows by the Tower: What to See Inside

Stained Glass and Restoration After the Blitz

Much of All Hallows was devastated during the Blitz in 1940, but the church rose again with care and reverence, culminating in its rededication in 1957. The reconstruction thoughtfully blended original medieval fragments with modern craftsmanship. A striking feature is the high altar mural depicting the Last Supper, painted by Brian Thomas — a gentle reminder of renewal after loss.

The stained-glass windows throughout the church also tell their own stories. Many were installed during the 20th-century restoration and are dedicated to those who served in the World Wars. These vibrant panes not only bathe the church in colour and light but also echo its continued place in the life of the city through times of darkness and hope.

The Chapel of St Clare and the Lady Chapel

Hidden beneath the nave is the Chapel of St Clare — a tranquil space dating to the 17th century that lay sealed and forgotten for centuries before its rediscovery in 1925. It is linked to the neighbouring Chapel of St Francis by a narrow viewing slit known as a ‘squint,’ allowing for shared worship across both sacred spaces. Look out for the symbolic “Lamp of the Magnificat,” a quiet homage to enduring faith and the Toc H women’s community.

The Lady Chapel, adjacent to the main sanctuary, was once a royal chantry endowed by Edward IV. It now houses the tomb of Alderman John Croke (d. 1477), but perhaps most poignant is the replica of the oil lamp from Talbot House in Belgium — a symbol of peace that still burns in memory of those lost in war. Beneath this chapel, in the crypt, lie the ashes of Rev. “Tubby” Clayton, founder of Toc H, tying together past and present in one of London’s most quietly moving corners.

The Rood Loft at All Hallows by the Tower

Above the chancel, the eye catches the striking Rood Loft, reconstructed in a traditional style. It holds the crucified Christ flanked by the Virgin Mary and St John — a reverent nod to medieval iconography. The Rood Loft, symbolically separates the nave from the holiest part of the church, reminding modern visitors of the ancient liturgical divisions once observed here.

Nestled here is a striking wooden statue of St Anthony of Egypt, known as the father of Christian monasticism. His figure, carved in contemplative repose, reminds visitors of the enduring call to spiritual retreat and discipline — themes that once shaped the early foundations of the Church.

Roman and Saxon Remains: Hidden Relics in the Crypt

Beneath the nave of All Hallows, visitors can descend into a crypt that reveals remnants from Roman London — including a beautifully preserved Roman pavement, discovered during excavations. This archaeological find makes the site one of the most remarkable for those interested in Roman ruins in London.

Alongside the Roman remains, you’ll find a striking Saxon arch, part of the original church built in the 7th century. This structure makes All Hallows an exceptional example of Saxon church architecture in London.

Knights Templar Connection and Maritime Links

The Templar Church Near the Tower

While the more famous Temple Church is often associated with the Knights Templar in London, All Hallows by the Tower also had early connections to these medieval warrior monks. Its proximity to the Tower and importance in early Christian London made it a spiritual waypoint for crusaders and Templars alike.

Blessings for Voyages

Given its location near the Thames, All Hallows served as a place of blessing for sailors departing on long sea voyages. Many maritime ceremonies took place here, and the church remains a beacon of spiritual heritage for London’s naval history.

How to Visit All Hallows by the Tower

Entry to All Hallows by the Tower is free of charge. Donations are appreciated to help preserve the church and its historical legacy. You can take the Tube or the bus but I’d recommend taking the Underground.

Location: Byward Street, London EC3R 5BJ | Map

The Nearest Tube: Tower Hill (District & Circle lines)

Entry: Free; donations welcome

Opening Hours: Typically Monday to Saturday, but hours may vary

How Long Does it Take to Visit All Hallows by the Tower?

Your visit to All Hallows by the Tower can take anything from 15 minutes to 1 hour or more, depending on your interests and how much you wish to explore. Most visitors spend 30 to 45 minutes exploring All Hallows by the Tower. Allow extra time if you’re visiting the crypt, admiring artefacts, or attending a quiet service or exhibition. Here’s a quick guide to help you plan your itinerary:

Typical Visit Duration: Quick Visit (15–30 minutes): If you’re short on time, you can explore the main church interior, admire the architecture, and perhaps take a brief look at the crypt museum.

Standard Visit (45–60 minutes): This allows for a more thorough exploration, including the crypt museum with its Roman pavement and historical artefacts, as well as time to appreciate the stained-glass windows and other features.

In-Depth Visit (1.5–2 hours): For those interested in delving deeper, consider joining a guided tour or using an audio guide to learn about the church’s rich history, including its Saxon origins and connections to notable historical figures. 

Opening Hours

Monday to Friday: 8:00 AM — 5:00 PM
Saturday: 10:00 AM — 5:00 PM
Sunday: 12:30 PM — 5:00 PM

Note that the church may be closed during services or private events, so it’s advisable to check ahead if you plan to visit during these times.

Things to Do Near All Hallows by the Tower

Make the most of your visit by exploring nearby historic and cultural landmarks:

Tower of London — Step into a world of royal intrigue and ancient architecture.

Tower Bridge Exhibition — Walk the high-level glass walkways and learn about the bridge’s construction.

St Dunstan in the East — A peaceful bombed-out church garden perfect for reflection.

The Monument to the Great Fire of London — Climb for panoramic views of the city.

Make the Most of Your Visit with the London Pass

While entry to All Hallows by the Tower is free, it pairs well with nearby attractions that are included with the London Pass. Consider combining your visit with the Tower of London, Tower Bridge Exhibition, HMS Belfast, The Monument, or even a Thames River Cruise.

If you’re exploring several historic landmarks in one day, the London Pass offers convenience and value, especially for first-time visitors keen to discover more of London’s heritage-rich eastern quarter.

More London Station Guides to Explore

• Off-Beat, Free & Ticketed Things to do in Greenwich, London + Pro Tips
• Free Things to Do Near Chancery Lane Tube Station, A Hidden London Gem
• Best Historical Gems & Things to Do Near Temple Station, London
• London Bridge and Bankside for First-Time Visitors: Top Sites + Hidden Gems by a Local
• London Bridge Station Guide for First-Time Visitors to London SE1: Route Map + Expert Tips
• 19+ Historic Sites Above Tower Hill Underground Station You Must See (London)

You May Also Like

• The BEST Sustainable Travel Apps for Eco-Conscious Travellers
• The Ultimate London in Spring Guide for First-Time Visitors
• Spring Flowers in London: Where to See the Best Blooms (Mar – May)
• Why Stay Near London Bridge Station for Your First Trip? 12 BEST Hotels From Boutique to Budget
• How to Get to Regent’s Park, London: The Ultimate Guide by Tube, Train, and Bus
• London Winter Travel Tips for the First Time Visitor: Dos and Don’ts from a Local
• What Winter Weather in London is Really Like: A Local’s Guide for November to March
• London in Winter: How to Escape the Christmas Frenzy?

Is All Hallows by the Tower Worth Visiting?

Absolutely — All Hallows by the Tower is one of the most quietly moving heritage sites in London. It offers a rich, immersive experience for anyone curious about the layers of the city’s past. From Roman and Saxon foundations to connections with the Blitz, the Knights Templar, and maritime blessings, every corner holds a story.

I remember stepping inside and immediately feeling the quiet weight of history — not in grandeur, but in the layered stillness of a place that has witnessed so much and still stands open to all. It’s a space that invites you to slow down and sense the centuries under your feet.

Whether you’re a heritage enthusiast, a fan of medieval churches, or simply want a meaningful stop near the Tower of London, this is more than worth a visit. All Hallows by the Tower is not just a historic church — it’s an experience that lets you rediscover the soul of London.